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    <title>UTas ePrints - Maternal basking behaviour determines offspring sex in a viviparous reptile</title>
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<meta content="Maternal basking behaviour determines offspring sex in a viviparous reptile" name="eprints.title" />
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<meta content="Two primary dichotomies within vertebrate life histories
involve reproductive mode (oviparity versus
viviparity) and sex determination (genotypic sex
determination versus environmental sex determination).
Although reptiles show multiple evolutionary
transitions in both parameters, the co-occurrence of
viviparity and environmental-dependent sex determination
have heretofore been regarded as incompatible.
Our studies on the viviparous lizard
Niveoscincus ocellatus show that the extent of basking
by a female influences the sex of her offspring.
Critically, our data reveal this effect both in the field
(via correlations between date of birth and litter sex
ratio) and in a laboratory experiment (females with
reduced basking opportunities produced more male
offspring). Changes in thermoregulatory behaviour
thus allow pregnant female lizards to modify the sex
of their offspring." name="eprints.abstract" />
<meta content="2004" name="eprints.date" />
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<meta content="Bull, J. J. 1980 Sex determination in reptiles. Q. Rev. Biol. 55, 3–21.
Bull, J. J. &amp; Bulmer, M. G. 1989 Longevity enhances selection of
environmental sex determination. Heredity 63, 315–320.
Burger, J. &amp; Zappalorti, R. T. 1988 Effects of incubation temperature
on sex ratios in pine snakes: differential vulnerability of males and
females. Am. Nat. 132, 492–505.
Donellan, S. C. 1985 The evolution of sex chromosomes in scincid
lizards. PhD thesis, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia.
Fisher, R. A. 1930 The genetical theory of natural selection. New
York: Dover.
Honda, M., Ota, H., Kobayashi, M., Nabhitabhata, J., Yong,
H.-S. &amp; Hikida, T. 2000 Phylogenetic relationships, character
evolution, and biogeography of the subfamily Lygosinae (Reptilia:
Scincidae) inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences. Mol.
Phylogenet. Evol. 15, 452–461.
Komdeur, J., Magrath, M. J. L. &amp; Krackow, S. 2002 Pre-ovulation
control of hatchling sex ratio in the Seychelles warbler. Proc. R.
Soc. Lond. B 269, 1067–1072. (DOI 10.1098/rspb.2002.1965.)
Morrison, S. F., Keogh, J. S. &amp; Scott, I. A. W. 2002 Molecular determination
of paternity in a natural population of the multiply mating
polygynous lizard Eulamprus heatwolei. Mol. Ecol. 11, 535–545.
Olsson, M. &amp; Shine, R. 2001 Facultative sex allocation in snow skink
lizards (Niveoscincus microlepidotus). J. Evol. Biol. 14, 120–128.
Olsson, M., Shine, R., Wapstra, E., Ujvari, B. &amp; Madsen, T. 2002
Sexual dimorphism in lizard body shape: the roles of sexual selection
and fecundity selection. Evolution 56, 1538–1542.
Robert, K. A. &amp; Thompson, M. B. 2001 Viviparous lizard selects sex
of embryos. Nature 412, 698–699.
Shine, R. 1999 Why is sex determined by nest temperatures in many
reptiles? Trends Ecol. Evol. 14, 186–189.
Shine, R., Elphick, M. &amp; Donellan, S. C. 2002 Co-occurrence of
multiple, supposedly incompatible modes of sex determination in
a lizard population. Ecol. Lett. 5, 486–489.
Trivers, R. L. &amp; Willard, D. E. 1973 Natural selection on parental
ability to vary the sex ratio of offspring. Science 179, 90–92.
Wapstra, E. 2000 Maternal basking opportunity affects juvenile
phenotype in a viviparous lizard. Funct. Ecol. 14, 345–352.
Wapstra, E., Swain, R., Jones, S. M. &amp; O’Reilly, J. M. 1999 Geographic
and annual variation in reproductive cycles in the Tasmanian
spotted snow skink, Niveoscincus ocellatus (Squamata:
Scincidae). Aust. J. Zool. 47, 539–550.
Wilson, K. &amp; Hardy, I. A. W. 2002 Statistical analysis of sex ratios:
an introduction. In Sex ratios: concepts and research methods (ed.
I. C. W. Hardy), pp. 48–92. Cambridge University Press." name="eprints.referencetext" />
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<meta content="Two primary dichotomies within vertebrate life histories
involve reproductive mode (oviparity versus
viviparity) and sex determination (genotypic sex
determination versus environmental sex determination).
Although reptiles show multiple evolutionary
transitions in both parameters, the co-occurrence of
viviparity and environmental-dependent sex determination
have heretofore been regarded as incompatible.
Our studies on the viviparous lizard
Niveoscincus ocellatus show that the extent of basking
by a female influences the sex of her offspring.
Critically, our data reveal this effect both in the field
(via correlations between date of birth and litter sex
ratio) and in a laboratory experiment (females with
reduced basking opportunities produced more male
offspring). Changes in thermoregulatory behaviour
thus allow pregnant female lizards to modify the sex
of their offspring." name="DC.description" />
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    <h1 class="ep_tm_pagetitle">Maternal basking behaviour determines offspring sex in a viviparous reptile</h1>
    <p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><span class="person_name">Wapstra, Erik</span> and <span class="person_name">Olsson, Mats</span> and <span class="person_name">Shine, Richard</span> and <span class="person_name">Edwards, Ashley</span> and <span class="person_name">Swain, Roy</span> and <span class="person_name">Joss, Jean M.P.</span> (2004) <xhtml:em>Maternal basking behaviour determines offspring sex in a viviparous reptile.</xhtml:em> Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B (Suppl.), 271 . s230. ISSN 0962-8452</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"></p><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><tr><td valign="top" style="text-align:center"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2200/1/Maternalbasking.pdf"><img alt="[img]" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png" class="ep_doc_icon" border="0" /></a></td><td valign="top"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2200/1/Maternalbasking.pdf"><span class="ep_document_citation">PDF</span></a> - Full text restricted - Requires a PDF viewer<br />87Kb</td><td><form method="get" accept-charset="utf-8" action="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/request_doc"><input accept-charset="utf-8" value="2760" name="docid" type="hidden" /><div class=""><input value="Request a copy" name="_action_null" class="ep_form_action_button" onclick="return EPJS_button_pushed( '_action_null' )" type="submit" /> </div></form></td></tr></table><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block">Official URL: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2003.0152">http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2003.0152</a></p><div class="not_ep_block"><h2>Abstract</h2><p style="padding-bottom: 16px; text-align: left; margin: 1em auto 0em auto">Two primary dichotomies within vertebrate life histories&#13;
involve reproductive mode (oviparity versus&#13;
viviparity) and sex determination (genotypic sex&#13;
determination versus environmental sex determination).&#13;
Although reptiles show multiple evolutionary&#13;
transitions in both parameters, the co-occurrence of&#13;
viviparity and environmental-dependent sex determination&#13;
have heretofore been regarded as incompatible.&#13;
Our studies on the viviparous lizard&#13;
Niveoscincus ocellatus show that the extent of basking&#13;
by a female influences the sex of her offspring.&#13;
Critically, our data reveal this effect both in the field&#13;
(via correlations between date of birth and litter sex&#13;
ratio) and in a laboratory experiment (females with&#13;
reduced basking opportunities produced more male&#13;
offspring). Changes in thermoregulatory behaviour&#13;
thus allow pregnant female lizards to modify the sex&#13;
of their offspring.</p></div><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" cellpadding="3" class="not_ep_block" border="0"><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Item Type:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Article</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Keywords:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">environmental sex determination; sex ratio;&#13;
squamate; viviparity</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Subjects:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/270706.html">270000 Biological Sciences &gt; 270700 Ecology and Evolution &gt; 270706 Life Histories (incl. Population Ecology)</a></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ID Code:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">2200</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited By:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><span class="ep_name_citation"><span class="person_name">Dr Erik Wapstra</span></span></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited On:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">15 Oct 2007 12:04</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Last Modified:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">09 Jan 2008 02:30</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ePrint Statistics:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a target="ePrintStats" href="/es/index.php?action=show_detail_eprint;id=2200;">View statistics for this ePrint</a></td></tr></table><p align="right">Repository Staff Only: <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/users/home?screen=EPrint::View&amp;eprintid=2200">item control page</a></p>
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